
CVE catalog
CVE-2014-0038
linux: CVE-2014-0038
- Severity
- Low
- Published
- Source
- [NVD] · [CVE record]
- EPSS
- 35.45% · Oct 25, 2026
The compat_sys_recvmmsg function in net/compat.c in the Linux kernel before 3.13.2, when CONFIG_X86_X32 is enabled, allows local users to gain privileges via a recvmmsg system call with a crafted timeout pointer parameter.
Vulnerable and fixed packages
Distribution-reported package versions and fixes. These do not depend on matching against the OpenFactory package catalog.
| Distribution | Package | Release | Version | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | linux | sid | 7.2.12-1 | fixed |
| Debian | linux | forky | 7.2.12-1 | fixed |
| Debian | linux | trixie | 6.12.107-1 | fixed |
| Debian | linux | trixie-security | 6.12.113-1 | fixed |
| Debian | linux | bookworm | 6.1.176-1 | fixed |
| Debian | linux | bookworm-security | 6.1.190-1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-default | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-source | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-syms | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-xen | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_23 | openstack cloud 6 | 1-2.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-ec2 | linux enterprise module for public cloud 12 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-default | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-source | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-syms | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-xen | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_23 | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 1-2.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-default | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-source | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-syms | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-xen | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_23 | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 1-2.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-ec2 | linux enterprise module for public cloud 12 | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-default | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-source | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-syms | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kernel-xen | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | fixed |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12_Update_29 | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 1-5.1 | fixed |
Fixed-version evidence
| Distribution | Package | Type | Release | Fixed version | Urgency | Origin | Bugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | linux | source | sid | 3.13.4-1 | unimportant | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | linux | source | forky | 3.13.4-1 | unimportant | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | linux | source | trixie | 3.13.4-1 | unimportant | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | linux | source | bookworm | 3.13.4-1 | unimportant | Not reported | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-default | rpm | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-source | rpm | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-syms | rpm | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-xen | rpm | openstack cloud 6 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_23 | rpm | openstack cloud 6 | 1-2.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-ec2 | rpm | linux enterprise module for public cloud 12 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-default | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-source | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-syms | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-xen | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_23 | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp1 | 1-2.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-default | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-source | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-syms | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-xen | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 3.12.74-60.64.66.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_23 | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp1-ltss | 1-2.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-ec2 | rpm | linux enterprise module for public cloud 12 | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3249-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-default | rpm | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3249-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-source | rpm | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3249-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-syms | rpm | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3249-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kernel-xen | rpm | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 3.12.61-52.106.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3249-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | kgraft-patch-SLE12_Update_29 | rpm | linux enterprise server 12-ltss | 1-5.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2017:3249-1 | Not reported |
OpenFactory catalog packages
Matching against OpenFactory catalog package versions is in progress.
[Debian 12 (Bookworm)]
- [bpftool]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (6)
7.1.0+6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
7.1.0+6.1.176-1· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
7.5.0+6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· amd64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
7.5.0+6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· arm64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
7.1.0+6.1.180-1· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
7.1.0+6.1.180-1· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [hyperv-daemons]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (6)
6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· amd64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· arm64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [intel-sdsi]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· amd64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [libcpupower1]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (6)
6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· amd64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· arm64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [libcpupower-dev]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (6)
6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· amd64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· arm64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-bpf-dev]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (2)
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· amd64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· arm64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-compiler-gcc-12-x86]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (2)
6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-config-6.1]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (4)
6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-cpupower]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (6)
6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· amd64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· arm64 · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-doc]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (32)
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.43-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.43-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.57-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.57-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.63-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.63-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.69-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.69-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.73-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.73-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.74-2~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.74-2~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.85-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.85-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.86-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.86-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.88-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.88-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.90-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.90-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.90-2~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.90-2~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.94-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.94-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.12.95-1~bpo12+1· all · bookworm-backportsFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-doc-6.1]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (6)
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.176-1· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.180-1· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-amd64]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.1.170-3· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-arm64]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.1.170-3· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-cloud-amd64]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.1.170-3· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-cloud-arm64]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.1.170-3· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-common]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (2)
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-common-rt]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (2)
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
6.1.170-3· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-rt-amd64]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.1.170-3· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-47-rt-arm64]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.1.170-3· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
- [linux-headers-6.1.0-50-amd64]Unknown
Source package: [linux]
Details (1)
6.1.176-1· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
3.13.4-1dsa · linux · debian · bookworm; dsa · linux · debian · 12
Observed:
References
- [https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf/suse-su-2017_3210-1.json]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/DEBIAN-CVE-2014-0038]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/SUSE-SU-2017:3210-1]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/SUSE-SU-2017:3249-1]
- [https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2014-0038]
[Debian Security Tracker] · [FIRST EPSS] · [OSV Package Vulnerability Database] · [SUSE security advisories and VEX]