CVE catalog

CVE-2019-13456

freeradius: CVE-2019-13456

[CVE catalog]

Severity
Medium · CVSS 5.3CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Published
Source
[NVD] · [CVE record]
EPSS
1.80% · Oct 25, 2026

In FreeRADIUS 3.0 through 3.0.19, on average 1 in every 2048 EAP-pwd handshakes fails because the password element cannot be found within 10 iterations of the hunting and pecking loop. This leaks information that an attacker can use to recover the password of any user. This information leakage is similar to the "Dragonblood" attack and CVE-2019-9494.

Vulnerable and fixed packages

Distribution-reported package versions and fixes. These do not depend on matching against the OpenFactory package catalog.

DistributionPackageReleaseVersionStatus
Debianfreeradiussid3.2.10+dfsg-2fixed
Debianfreeradiusforky3.2.10+dfsg-2fixed
Debianfreeradiustrixie3.2.7+dfsg-1+deb13u2fixed
Debianfreeradiusbookworm3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise module for server applications 15 sp13.0.16-3.6.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise high performance computing 15-espos3.0.16-3.6.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise high performance computing 15-ltss3.0.16-3.6.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server 15-ltss3.0.16-3.6.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server for sap applications 153.0.16-3.6.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverhpe helion openstack 83.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serveropenstack cloud 83.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serveropenstack cloud crowbar 83.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp33.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise software development kit 12 sp43.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server 12 sp3-ltss3.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server 12 sp3-bcl3.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server 12 sp43.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp43.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverenterprise storage 53.0.15-2.14.1fixed
Opensusefreeradius-serverleap 15.13.0.16-lp151.4.4.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise software development kit 12 sp53.0.19-3.3.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server 12 sp53.0.19-3.3.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp53.0.19-3.3.1fixed
Susefreeradius-serveropenstack cloud 73.0.3-17.15.2fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp23.0.3-17.15.2fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server 12 sp2-ltss3.0.3-17.15.2fixed
Susefreeradius-serverlinux enterprise server 12 sp2-bcl3.0.3-17.15.2fixed

Fixed-version evidence

DistributionPackageTypeReleaseFixed versionUrgencyOriginBugs
Debianfreeradiussourcesid3.0.20+dfsg-1not yet assignedNot reportedNot reported
Debianfreeradiussourceforky3.0.20+dfsg-1not yet assignedNot reportedNot reported
Debianfreeradiussourcetrixie3.0.20+dfsg-1not yet assignedNot reportedNot reported
Debianfreeradiussourcebookworm3.0.20+dfsg-1not yet assignedNot reportedNot reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise module for server applications 15 sp13.0.16-3.6.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1023-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise high performance computing 15-espos3.0.16-3.6.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1023-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise high performance computing 15-ltss3.0.16-3.6.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1023-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server 15-ltss3.0.16-3.6.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1023-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server for sap applications 153.0.16-3.6.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1023-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmhpe helion openstack 83.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmopenstack cloud 83.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmopenstack cloud crowbar 83.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp33.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise software development kit 12 sp43.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server 12 sp3-ltss3.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server 12 sp3-bcl3.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server 12 sp43.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp43.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmenterprise storage 53.0.15-2.14.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1018-1Not reported
Opensusefreeradius-serverrpmleap 15.13.0.16-lp151.4.4.1Not reportedOPENSUSE-SU-2020:0553-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise software development kit 12 sp53.0.19-3.3.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1020-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server 12 sp53.0.19-3.3.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1020-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp53.0.19-3.3.1Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:1020-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmopenstack cloud 73.0.3-17.15.2Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:2391-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp23.0.3-17.15.2Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:2391-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server 12 sp2-ltss3.0.3-17.15.2Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:2391-1Not reported
Susefreeradius-serverrpmlinux enterprise server 12 sp2-bcl3.0.3-17.15.2Not reportedSUSE-SU-2020:2391-1Not reported

OpenFactory catalog packages

[Debian 12 (Bookworm)]

  • [freeradius]Fixed
    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · all · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · all · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · all · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · all · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (4)
    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · amd64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.1+dfsg-4+deb12u1 · arm64 · bookworm

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · amd64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1~bpo12+1 · arm64 · bookworm-backports

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · bookworm; dsa · freeradius · debian · 12

[Debian 13 (Trixie)]

  • [freeradius]Fixed
    Details (2)
    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1+deb13u2 · amd64 · trixie

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · 13

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1+deb13u2 · arm64 · trixie

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · 13

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (2)
    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1+deb13u2 · all · trixie

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · 13

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1+deb13u2 · all · trixie

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · 13

  • Source package: [freeradius]

    Details (2)
    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1+deb13u2 · amd64 · trixie

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · 13

    • 3.2.7+dfsg-1+deb13u2 · arm64 · trixie

      Fixed · Fixed: 3.0.20+dfsg-1

      dsa · freeradius · debian · 13

Next results

Observed:

References