CVE catalog
CVE-2020-12059
ceph: CVE-2020-12059
- Severity
- High · CVSS 7.5
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Published
- Source
- [NVD] · [CVE record]
- EPSS
- 2.44% · Oct 25, 2026
An issue was discovered in Ceph through 13.2.9. A POST request with an invalid tagging XML can crash the RGW process by triggering a NULL pointer exception.
Vulnerable and fixed packages
Distribution-reported package versions and fixes. These do not depend on matching against the OpenFactory package catalog.
| Distribution | Package | Release | Version | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | ceph | sid | 20.2.4+ds-2 | fixed |
| Debian | ceph | forky | 20.2.4+ds-2 | fixed |
| Debian | ceph | trixie | 18.2.7+ds-1+deb13u1 | fixed |
| Debian | ceph | trixie-security | 18.2.7+ds-1+deb13u1 | fixed |
| Debian | ceph | bookworm | 16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2 | fixed |
| Debian | ceph | bookworm-security | 16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.0-0ubuntu1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.1-0ubuntu1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.2-0ubuntu1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.2-0ubuntu2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.4-0ubuntu1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.4-0ubuntu1.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.7-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.11-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.11-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.12-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.12-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.12-0ubuntu0.18.04.3 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.12-0ubuntu0.18.04.4 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.12-0ubuntu0.18.04.5 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.13-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.13-0ubuntu0.18.04.3 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ceph | 18.04 | 12.2.13-0ubuntu0.18.04.4 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | hpe helion openstack 8 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | openstack cloud 8 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | openstack cloud crowbar 8 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp3 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise software development kit 12 sp4 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise software development kit 12 sp5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise server 12 sp3-ltss | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise server 12 sp3-bcl | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise server 12 sp4 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp4 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise server 12 sp5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
| Suse | ceph | enterprise storage 5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | fixed |
Fixed-version evidence
| Distribution | Package | Type | Release | Fixed version | Urgency | Origin | Bugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | ceph | source | sid | 14.2.4-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ceph | source | forky | 14.2.4-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ceph | source | trixie | 14.2.4-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ceph | source | bookworm | 14.2.4-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | ceph | deb | 18.04 | 12.2.13-0ubuntu0.18.04.4 | Not reported | UBUNTU-CVE-2020-12059 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | hpe helion openstack 8 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | openstack cloud 8 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | openstack cloud crowbar 8 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp3 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise software development kit 12 sp4 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise software development kit 12 sp5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp3-ltss | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp3-bcl | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp4 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp4 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise server 12 sp5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | linux enterprise server for sap applications 12 sp5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
| Suse | ceph | rpm | enterprise storage 5 | 12.2.12+git.1587570958.35d78d0243-2.45.1 | Not reported | SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1 | Not reported |
OpenFactory catalog packages
Matching against OpenFactory catalog package versions is in progress.
[Debian 12 (Bookworm)]
- [ceph]Unknown
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [cephadm]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-base]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-base-dbg]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-common]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-common-dbg]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [cephfs-mirror]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [cephfs-mirror-dbg]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [cephfs-shell]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [cephfs-top]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-fuse]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (2)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-grafana-dashboards]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-immutable-object-cache]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-immutable-object-cache-dbg]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-mds]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-mds-dbg]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-mgr]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-mgr-cephadm]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-mgr-dashboard]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· all · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
- [ceph-mgr-dbg]Unknown
Source package: [ceph]
Details (4)
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookwormFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· amd64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
16.2.15+ds-0+deb12u2· arm64 · bookworm-securityFixed · Fixed:
14.2.4-1dsa · ceph · debian · bookworm; dsa · ceph · debian · 12
Observed:
References
- [https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf/suse-su-2020_1158-1.json]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/DEBIAN-CVE-2020-12059]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/SUSE-SU-2020:1158-1]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/UBUNTU-CVE-2020-12059]
- [https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2020-12059]
- [https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2020/cve-2020-12059.json]
[Debian Security Tracker] · [FIRST EPSS] · [OSV Package Vulnerability Database] · [Red Hat security advisories and VEX] · [SUSE security advisories and VEX]