CVE catalog
CVE-2026-45363
ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because Ope
- Severity
- Critical · CVSS 9.1
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Published
- Source
- [NVD] · [CVE record]
- EPSS
- 0.36% · Oct 25, 2026
ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.
Vulnerable and fixed packages
Distribution-reported package versions and fixes. These do not depend on matching against the OpenFactory package catalog.
| Distribution | Package | Release | Version | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | ruby-jwt | sid | 3.3.0-1 | fixed |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | forky | 3.3.0-1 | fixed |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | trixie | 2.7.1-1 | vulnerable |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | trixie-security | 2.7.1-1+deb13u1 | fixed |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | bookworm | 2.5.0-1 | vulnerable |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | bookworm-security | 2.5.0-1+deb12u1 | fixed |
| Cpe | ruby-jwt | Not reported | Not reported | vulnerable |
Fixed-version evidence
| Distribution | Package | Type | Release | Fixed version | Urgency | Origin | Bugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | ruby-jwt | source | sid | 3.2.0-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | source | forky | 3.2.0-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | source | trixie | 2.7.1-1+deb13u1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ruby-jwt | source | bookworm | 2.5.0-1+deb12u1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
OpenFactory catalog packages
[Debian 12 (Bookworm)]
- [ruby-jwt]Affected
Details (2)
2.5.0-1· all · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
2.5.0-1+deb12u1nvd · ruby-jwt · debian · bookworm; nvd · ruby-jwt · debian · 12
2.5.0-1· all · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
2.5.0-1+deb12u1nvd · ruby-jwt · debian · bookworm; nvd · ruby-jwt · debian · 12
[Debian 13 (Trixie)]
- [ruby-jwt]Affected
Details (3)
2.7.1-1· all · trixieAffected · Fixed:
2.7.1-1+deb13u1nvd · ruby-jwt · debian · 13
2.7.1-1· all · trixieAffected · Fixed:
2.7.1-1+deb13u1nvd · ruby-jwt · debian · 13
2.7.1-1+deb13u1· all · trixie-securityFixed · Fixed:
2.7.1-1+deb13u1nvd · ruby-jwt · debian · 13
Observed:
References
- [https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964]
- [https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f]
- [https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3]
- [https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0]
- [https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x]
- [https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/09/msg00022.html]
- [https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45363]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/DEBIAN-CVE-2026-45363]
- [https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-45363]
- [https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45363.json]
[Debian Security Tracker] · [FIRST EPSS] · [National Vulnerability Database (NVD)] · [OSV Package Vulnerability Database] · [Red Hat security advisories and VEX]