
CVE catalog
CVE-2026-65705
FFmpeg versions 3.4 through 8.1.2 contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the vf_floodfill video filter that allows attackers to corrupt heap memory by supplying a dynamically sized video stre
- Severity
- Critical · CVSS 9.3
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - Published
- Source
- [NVD] · [CVE record]
- EPSS
- 0.19% · Oct 25, 2026
FFmpeg versions 3.4 through 8.1.2 contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the vf_floodfill video filter that allows attackers to corrupt heap memory by supplying a dynamically sized video stream with filtergraph reinitialization disabled via -reinit_filter 0. When config_input() allocates the points traversal stack based on initial frame dimensions and a subsequent larger frame is processed, filter_frame() performs flood-fill neighbor pushes beyond the original allocation boundary, resulting in heap corruption and process crash with potential for code execution depending on heap layout and process hardening.
Vulnerable and fixed packages
Distribution-reported package versions and fixes. These do not depend on matching against the OpenFactory package catalog.
| Distribution | Package | Release | Version | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | ffmpeg | sid | 7:9.0.2-4 | fixed |
| Debian | ffmpeg | forky | 7:9.0.2-4 | fixed |
| Debian | ffmpeg | trixie | 7:7.1.5-0+deb13u1 | vulnerable |
| Debian | ffmpeg | trixie-security | 7:7.1.5-0+deb13u1 | vulnerable |
| Debian | ffmpeg | bookworm | 7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1 | vulnerable |
| Debian | ffmpeg | bookworm-security | 7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | ffmpeg | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | ffmpeg-doc | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec-extra | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec-extra60 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec60 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavdevice-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavdevice60 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter-extra | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter-extra9 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter9 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavformat-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavformat-extra | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavformat-extra60 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavformat60 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavutil-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libavutil58 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libpostproc-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libpostproc57 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libswresample-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libswresample4 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libswscale-dev | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | libswscale7 | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | fixed |
| Cpe | ffmpeg | Not reported | Not reported | unknown |
Fixed-version evidence
| Distribution | Package | Type | Release | Fixed version | Urgency | Origin | Bugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | ffmpeg | source | sid | 7:9.0.2-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ffmpeg | source | forky | 7:9.0.2-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ffmpeg | source | trixie | (unfixed) | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | ffmpeg | source | bookworm | (unfixed) | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | ffmpeg | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | ffmpeg-doc | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec-extra | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec-extra60 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavcodec60 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavdevice-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavdevice60 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter-extra | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter-extra9 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavfilter9 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavformat-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavformat-extra | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavformat-extra60 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavformat60 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavutil-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libavutil58 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libpostproc-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libpostproc57 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libswresample-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libswresample4 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libswscale-dev | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ubuntu | libswscale7 | deb | noble | 7:6.1.1-3ubuntu5+esm13 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Notes
[trixie] ffmpeg: Wait until fixed in 7.1.x upstream branch
OpenFactory catalog packages
[Debian 12 (Bookworm)]
- [ffmpeg]Affected
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [ffmpeg-doc]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· all · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· all · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· all · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· all · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavcodec59]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavcodec-dev]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavcodec-extra]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavcodec-extra59]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavdevice59]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavdevice-dev]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavfilter8]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavfilter-dev]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavfilter-extra]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavfilter-extra8]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavformat59]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavformat-dev]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavformat-extra]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavformat-extra59]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavutil57]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libavutil-dev]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libpostproc56]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
- [libpostproc-dev]Affected
Source package: [ffmpeg]
Details (4)
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookwormAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
7:5.1.9-0+deb12u1· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected
nvd · ffmpeg · debian · bookworm; nvd · ffmpeg · debian · 12
Observed:
References
- [https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/f186c50cf53aec20e9a29059cb22ca3f2d59201c]
- [https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/23780]
- [https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf/opensuse-su-2026_11545-1.json]
- [https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65705]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/DEBIAN-CVE-2026-65705]
- [https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-65705]
- [https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-65705.json]
- [https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8716-1]
- [https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-2510.json]
- [https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-vf-floodfill-out-of-bounds-write-via-filter-frame]
[CERT-Bund public advisories] · [Debian Security Tracker] · [FIRST EPSS] · [National Vulnerability Database (NVD)] · [OSV Package Vulnerability Database] · [Red Hat security advisories and VEX] · [SUSE security advisories and VEX] · [Ubuntu Security Notices (USN)]