CVE catalog
CVE-2026-85150
A NULL pointer dereference flaw was found in GStreamer's RTSP support library. The vulnerability occurs while parsing an Authorization or WWW-Authenticate header that uses Digest authentication. Speci
- Severity
- High · CVSS 7.5
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Published
- Updated
- Source
- [NVD] · [CVE record]
- EPSS
- 0.53% · Oct 25, 2026
A NULL pointer dereference flaw was found in GStreamer's RTSP support library. The vulnerability occurs while parsing an Authorization or WWW-Authenticate header that uses Digest authentication. Specially crafted whitespace placement around a parameter's terminator can cause an internal length calculation to underflow, leading to a crash of the process parsing the header. On an RTSP server this can be triggered by a remote, unauthenticated attacker sending a single malformed request when the server has authentication enabled; the same flaw can also be triggered against an RTSP client by a malicious or compromised RTSP server. Successful exploitation results in a denial of service (application crash) and has no confirmed impact on confidentiality or integrity.
Vulnerable and fixed packages
Distribution-reported package versions and fixes. These do not depend on matching against the OpenFactory package catalog.
| Distribution | Package | Release | Version | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | sid | 1.28.8-1 | fixed |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | forky | 1.28.8-1 | fixed |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | trixie | 1.26.2-1+deb13u1 | vulnerable |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | trixie-security | 1.26.2-1+deb13u2 | vulnerable |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | bookworm | 1.22.0-3+deb12u6 | vulnerable |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | bookworm-security | 1.22.0-3+deb12u7 | fixed |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.1-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.2-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.2-2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.2-2ubuntu3 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.2-2ubuntu4 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.2-4 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.2-4ubuntu0.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1.2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1.3 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1.4 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1.4+esm1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1.4+esm2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | pro | 1.16.3-0ubuntu1.4+esm3 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.18.5-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.19.90-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.0-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.0-2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.1-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.1-1ubuntu0.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.1-1ubuntu0.2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.1-1ubuntu0.4 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.1-1ubuntu0.5 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.1-1ubuntu0.6 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 22.04 | 1.20.1-1ubuntu0.7 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.22.6-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.22.7-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.22.8-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.22.10-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.1-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.1-1build1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.2-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.2 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.3 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.4 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 24.04 | 1.24.2-1ubuntu0.5 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.26.6-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.27.2-3 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.27.2-3build1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.27.90-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.28.0-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.28.1-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.28.2-1 | vulnerable |
| Ubuntu | gst-plugins-base1.0 | 26.04 | 1.28.2-1ubuntu0.1 | vulnerable |
Fixed-version evidence
| Distribution | Package | Type | Release | Fixed version | Urgency | Origin | Bugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | source | sid | 1.28.7-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | source | forky | 1.28.7-1 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | source | trixie | (unfixed) | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
| Debian | gst-plugins-base1.0 | source | bookworm | 1.22.0-3+deb12u7 | not yet assigned | Not reported | Not reported |
Notes
[trixie] gst-plugins-base1.0: Minor issue
OpenFactory catalog packages
[Debian 12 (Bookworm)]
- [gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [gstreamer1.0-alsa]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [gstreamer1.0-gl]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [gstreamer1.0-plugins-base]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [gstreamer1.0-x]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [libgstreamer-gl1.0-0]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
- [libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (4)
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookwormAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· amd64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
1.22.0-3+deb12u6· arm64 · bookworm-securityAffected · Fixed:
1.22.0-3+deb12u7nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · bookworm; nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 12
[Debian 13 (Trixie)]
- [gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [gstreamer1.0-alsa]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [gstreamer1.0-gl]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [gstreamer1.0-plugins-base]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [gstreamer1.0-x]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [libgstreamer-gl1.0-0]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
- [libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev]Affected
Source package: [gst-plugins-base1.0]
Details (5)
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixieAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· amd64 · trixie-security · Historical versionAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u1· arm64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
1.26.2-1+deb13u2· amd64 · trixie-securityAffected
nvd · gst-plugins-base1.0 · debian · 13
Observed:
References
- [https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf/rhsa-2026_66460.json]
- [https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85150]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/DEBIAN-CVE-2026-85150]
- [https://osv.dev/vulnerability/UBUNTU-CVE-2026-85150]
- [https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-85150]
- [https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-85150.json]
- [https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-3222.json]
[CERT-Bund public advisories] · [Debian Security Tracker] · [FIRST EPSS] · [National Vulnerability Database (NVD)] · [OSV Package Vulnerability Database] · [Red Hat security advisories and VEX] · [SUSE security advisories and VEX]